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Andreas Hillgruber
Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian. Hillgruber was influential as a military and diplomatic historian who played a leading in the ''Historikerstreit'' of the 1980s.
At his death in 1989, the American historian Francis Loewenheim said: "Andreas Hillgruber was probably the leading West German historian of his generation—a scholar of indefatigable energy and fierce independence, a scholar of weighty judgment even if one did not always agree with him". Other historians disagreed, with the British historian Richard J. Evans taking the view that Hillgruber was a great historian whose once-sterling reputation was in ruins as a result of the ''Historikerstreit''.〔Evans (1989), p. 123.〕
==Biography==
Hillgruber was born in Angerburg, Germany (modern Wegorzewo, Poland) near the then East Prussian city of Königsberg (modern Kaliningrad, Russia).〔 Hillgruber's father lost his job as a teacher under the Third Reich.〔"Hillgruber, Andreas" pp. 297-298 from ''The Annual Obituary 1989'', Chicago: St James Press, 1990 p. 297.〕 Hillgruber served in the German Army from 1943 to 1945 and spent the years 1945-1948 as a POW in France.〔Dijk, Ruun van (1999), p. 534.〕 During World War II, Hillgruber fought on the Eastern Front, an experience that was later to play a role in his evaluation and writing about the period.〔Bosworth, Richard J. B., ''Explaining Auschwitz And Hiroshima History Writing and the Second World War 1945-1990'', London: Routledge, 1994, p. 84. ISBN 978-0-415-10923-9〕 In 1945, Hillgruber fled west to escape the Red Army, another experience that was to have much influence on him.〔 After his release he studied at the University of Göttingen, where he received a PhD in 1952.〔 As a student, Hillgruber was a leading protégé of the medievalist Percy Ernst Schramm, an academic who, as Eberhard Jäckel commented, regarded World War II as a normal war that regrettably the Nazis were not as skilled at waging as they should have been.〔Dijk, Ruun van (1999), p. 533.〕 Much of Hillgruber's early work reflected Schramm's influence.〔 He spent the decade 1954-1964 working as school teacher.〔 In 1960 he married Karin Zieran, with whom he had three children.〔 Hillgruber worked as a professor at the University of Marburg (1965–1968), the University of Freiburg (1968–1972) and the University of Cologne (1972–1989).〔 In the late 1960s he was a target of radical student protesters.〔Lukacs (1997), p. 35.〕 He died in Cologne of throat cancer.
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